Books & Articles
1. Social Audit, a Peoples Manual, NIRD&CES
Dr.Shekhar Singh, Dr. Rajakutty S, Social Audit, a Peoples Manual, National Institute of Rural Development & Centre for Equity Studies
http://nrega.nic.in/circular/So_Audit_II.pdf
This manual is designed to help officials and representatives of people’s organizations and movements, who want to facilitate the process of social audit. The manual describes the characteristics of a social audit and the method of conducting a social audit, both for specific schemes and for policies and programmes. It also describes the relationship between the Right to Information Act and social audits and includes details of a possible training module on social audits. The manual also contains examples of how these general principles of social auditing can be applied to various programmes and schemes, specifically taking the National Rural Employment Act as an example.
2.Social Audit: A Tool for Performance Improvement and Outcome Measurement, CGG
Social Audit: A Tool for Performance Improvement and Outcome Measurement, 2005, Centre for Governance, Hyderabad
This social audit toolkit provides practical guidance and insights to its users working in government departments, community organisations and civil society groups for using social audit as a tool to identify, measure, assess and report on the social performance of their organisations. The toolkit has been designed keeping in view the needs of non-specialists interested in conducting social audit. This toolkit comprises two sections - Section I introduces the concepts, the purpose, history and goals of social audit which will help in understanding the framework of social audit; Section II describes how this toolkit is to be used in a sequential process for conducting social audit and the preparation of social audit reports
3. Citizen Report Card Surveys: A Note on the Concept and Methodology, World Bank
Citizen Report Card Surveys: A Note on the Concept and Methodology,2004,Social Development Notes, World Bank
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPCENG/1143380-1116506267488/20511066/reportcardnote.pdf.
This note provides a short summary of the concept and key phases involved in implementing a citizen report card (CRC) survey. CRCs are client feedback surveys that provide a quantitative measure of user perceptions on the quality, efficiency and adequacy of different public services. They have been applied to numerous contexts in different regions. Beyond the process of executing a survey, CRCs involve efforts at dissemination and institutionalization that make them effective instruments to exact public accountability.
4. Citizen Report Cards, A resource kit, Public affairs Foundation
The score card tool kit, a generic guide for implementing the score card process to improve quality of services, CARE, Malawi
http://www.ansa-africa.net/index.php/views/pub_view/the_scorecard_toolkit/
The toolkit has been drawn upon practical experiences and suggestions from communities, service providers and CSOs and has been designed to be used by many kinds of users from institutions operating in different sectors. The introduction to the Scorecard tool explains to the potential users of the tool about what the Scorecard methodology is/is not, and what can be expected as benefits and challenges of its use. The body of the toolkit provides guidance for the implementation of the Scorecard tool. The appendix section contains supporting materials for the implementation of the scorecard process, such as guidelines for facilitating participatory scoring. The appendices also include lists of sources consulted for the development of this toolkit and web sites for further reading.
5.Community Score Card Process, A Short Note on the General Methodology for Implementation
Singh Janmejay and Shah Parmesh, Community Score Card Process, A Short Note on the General Methodology for Implementation, Social Development Department, World Bank
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPCENG/1143333-1116505690049/20509286/comscorecardsnote.pdf
This note provides a short summary of the concept and key phases involved in implementing the Community Score Card (CSC) Process. The note begins with a short introduction on the concept of CSC and goes on to identify the four major components of CSC. It then describes the major steps involved in implementing a CSC and concludes with brief notes on the interface between community and facilitators, and follow up and institutionalization of CSC initiatives.
6.The Score Card Tool Kit, a Generic Guide for Implementing the Score Card Process to Improve Quality of Services, CARE, Malawi
Citizen Report Cards, A Resource Kit, Public affairs Foundation
siteresources.worldbank.org/INTVIETNAM/Resources/TOOLKITPac.doc
The resource kit for Citizen Report Cards is an exhaustive collection of all the instruments involved in developing a citizens’ report card. The topics covered under the tool kit includes the following: planning a report card strategy, check planning the survey, sampling, developing questionnaires, piloting, analysis and dissemination of findings.
7.India’s Citizen’s Charters, A Decade of Experience, PAC Bangalore
Sethumadhavan. T. Dr. Sita Sekhar Et. al, India’s Citizen’s Charters, A Decade of Experience,2007<,
PAC Bangalore
http://www.partnershipfortransparency.info/uploads/
completed%20projects/PAC%20report%20India'sCitizen'sCharters.7july07.pdf
This study tracks the progress and effectiveness of the citizens’ charter reform over the past decade. The study is based on the assessment of nearly 760 citizens’ charters from across the country, followed by interviews with more than 1,100 end-users and over 320 officials from diverse departments. The distribution of Citizen’s Charters by state and sector, design and content of the charters, access to and awareness about the charters, modalities of implementation, and impact on service delivery are analyzed in terms of both strengths and weaknesses. The study also highlights the implications for policy in order to take this reform forward.
8.Public Expenditure Tracking and Facility Surveys: A General Note on Methodology, World Bank
Waglé Swarnim and Shah Parmesh, Public expenditure tracking and facility surveys: A general note on methodology, World Bank
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPCENG/1143380-1116506243290/20511062/exptrack.pdf
Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys (PETS) are quantitative exercises that trace the flow of resources from origin to destination and determine the location and scale of anomaly. This note by World Bank gives a summary of the steps involved in such a survey which covers the following areas: Identification of scope, purpose and actors, Design of questionnaires, Sampling, Execution of survey, Data analysis, dissemination and Institutionalization.
Working Papers & Case studies
1. Maharashtra, India: Improving Panchayat Service Delivery through Community Score Cards, Social Accountability Series, South Asia Sustainable Development Department
Maharashtra, India: Improving Panchayat Service Delivery through Community Score Cards, 2007,Social Accountability Series, South Asia Sustainable Development Department, World Bank
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2007
/11/21/000020953_2007112113
5935/Rendered/PDF/415080IN0Case41August0200701PUBLIC1.pdf
This note summarizes the experiences from a pilot project undertaken by the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, in partnership with the World Bank-sponsored Jalswarajya Project for Rural Water Supply. In the pilot project, the community score card (CSC) methodology was applied to assess the performance of 14 Gram Panchayats in Satara District in four service sectors, namely Village Panchayat Services, water and sanitation, health, and education. The case study summarizes the findings, processes, concerns, and lessons learned from the Maharashtra pilot
2. Public Services Provided by Gram Panchayats in Chattisgarh A Citizen Report Card, Samarthan
Sekhar Sita, Nair Meena, Prabhakar. K, Public Services Provided by Gram Panchayats in Chattisgarh, A Citizen Report Card, 2008, Samarthan http://www.solutionexchange-un.net.in/decn/comm_update/res-27-300908-01.pdf
The CRC initiative under discussion was conducted by Samarthan with guidance and assistance from PAC, the pioneers in CRC methodology. The aim of the CRC was to understand the significance of local rural bodies in providing basic services to the people and to contribute towards strengthening rural self governance through helping functionaries formulate people centered policies. Major departments that are entrusted with providing basic services to the people were taken up in the study. The CRC tried to analyze the functions of the above said departments from the point of view of service users. The issue of people’s participation in rural self governance constituted another important component of the study.
3. Social Audits in Andhra Pradesh: A Process in Evolution, EPW
Vakati Aakella Karuna, Kidambi Sowmya, Social Audits in Andhra Pradesh: A Process in Evolution, 2007, EPW
http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/aakella-kidambi2007social-audits-in-ap-evolution.pdf
The case study looks at the experience of Andhra Pradesh, the state credited with remarkable success in implementing social audits especially with reference to NREGS and highlights some interesting outcomes of Social Audit in the state. It states that the social audits have brought forth several flaws in the governance system which includes corruption, lack of any accountability towards the public and ill equipped delivery mechanisms of the state, that have been designed for and preoccupied with scale and are incapable of dealing with micro level issues
Others
1.Social Audits and Public Hearings: Making Governance Accountable, ELBAG
http://www.elbag.org/documents/methodologies/
Social%20Audits%20and%20Public%20Hearings.pdf.
The presentation by Economic Literacy and Budget Accountability for Governance (ELBAG) gives concise, description of the concept of social audit and describes in detail, the major steps involved in conducting social audit like mobilizing community, identifying stakeholders, developing performance indicators, public display of information etc. While it treats public hearings as the final step in social audit, all the steps involved in public hearing process is also summarized with great clarity.
2. Workshop on
Citizens’ Charter, DAR&PG, TI
http:\\ ar.delhigovt.nic.in/hindi/citizen-charter.ppt
The presentation organized by DAR&PG and conducted by Transparency International India explains how to prepare a Citizens’ Charter (CC) and how to review the existing Charter. The presentation covers the following areas: Concept of CC, Key principle, elements of CC, process of preparing CC, complaints handling. Charter Mark and major points to be taken into consideration for reviewing citizens’ charters.
3. Holding a Mirror to Local Governments: Experiences with Citizen Report Cards, PAC
http://www.internationalbudget.org/resources/CitizenReportCard.ppt.
PAC, Bangalore were the pioneers of the concept of CRC as an independent assessment tool for obtaining credible user feedback on public services in 1993. The power point presentation by PAC on Citizen Report Cards, captures in a concise manner the concept of CRC, need for CRC, designing of CRCs, the experience of employing CRC in Bangalore, the major outcomes of the initiative and the critical lessons and experiences associated with it.
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